----------
nfq_open()
----------

Prototype:
	struct nfq_handle *nfq_open(void)

Parameters:
	None.

Returns:
	Pointer to a new queue handle or NULL on failure.

Description:
	Obtains a netfilter queue connection handle.  When you are finished with
	the handle returned by this function, you should destroy it by calling
	nfq_close().  A new netlink connection is obtained internally and
	associated with the	queue connection handle returned.

---------------
nfq_open_nfnl()
---------------

Prototype:
	struct nfq_handle *nfq_open_nfnl(struct nfnl_handle *nfnlh)

Parameters:
	nfnlh	Netfilter netlink connection handle obtained by calling nfnl_open()

Returns:
	Pointer to a new queue handle or NULL on failure.

Description:
	Obtains a netfilter queue connection handle using an existing netlink
	connection.  This function is used internally to implement nfq_open(),
	and should typically not be called directly.

-----------
nfq_close()
-----------

Prototype:
	int nfq_close(struct nfq_handle *h)	

Parameters:
	h		Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()

Returns:
	0 on success, non-zero on failure. (see nfnl_close() return value)

Description:
	Close connection associated with the queue connection handle and free
	associated resources.

-----------
nfq_nfnlh()
-----------

Prototype:
	struct nfnl_handle *nfq_nfnlh(struct nfq_handle *h)

Parameters:
	h		Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()

Returns:
	The netlink handle assocated with the given queue connection handle.  If
	passed an invalid handle, this function will more than likely cause a
	segfault as it performs no checks on the provided handle.

Description:
	Returns the netlink handle associated with the given queue connection
	handle.  Possibly useful if you wish to perform other netlink communication
	directly after opening a queue without opening a new netlink connection
	to do so.

--------
nfq_fd()
--------

Prototype:
	int nfq_fd(struct nfq_handle *h)

Parameters:
	h		Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()

Returns:
	A file descriptor that can be used for communication over the netlink
	connection associated with the given queue connection handle.  On failure,
	returns ??? -1 ???. (See nfnl_fd() return value)

Description:
	Returns a file descriptor for the netlink connection associated with the
	given queue connection handle.  The file descriptor can then be used for
	receiving the queued packets for processing.

	Example:

		fd = nfq_fd(h);

		while ((rv = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0)) && rv >= 0) {
			printf("pkt received\n");
			nfq_handle_packet(h, buf, rv);
		}

-------------
nfq_bind_pf()
-------------

Prototype:
	int nfq_bind_pf(struct nfq_handle *h, u_int16_t pf)

Parameters:
	h		Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()
	pf		Protocol family to bind handle to

Returns:
	??? (See nfnl_talk() return value)

Description:

	Binds the given queue connection handle to process packets belonging to the given
	protocol family (ie. PF_INET, PF_INET6, etc).

How many applications can bind to a given PF?
Is it per-queue, or per PF only?

??? Investigate kernel code to verify NFQNL_CFG_CMD_PF_BIND ???

---------------
nfq_unbind_pf()
---------------

Prototype:
	int nfq_unbind_pf(struct nfq_handle *h, u_int16_t pf)

Parameters:
	h		Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()
	pf		Protocol family to unbind family from

Returns:
	??? (See nfnl_talk() return value)

Description:

	Unbinds the given queue connection handle from processing packets belonging
	to the given protocol family.
??? Investigate kernel code NFQNL_CFG_CMD_PF_UNBIND ???

------------------
nfq_create_queue()
------------------

Prototype:
	struct nfq_q_handle *nfq_create_queue(struct nfq_handle *h, u_int16_t num, nfq_callback *cb, void *data)

Parameters:
	h		Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()
	num		The number of the queue to bind to
	cb		Callback function to call for each queued packet
	data	Custom data to pass to the callback function

Returns:
	A new queue handle. (Actually a pointer to a linked list entry maintained
	by the libnetfilter_queue library)  Returns NULL on failure.

Description:
	Creates a new queue handle, and returns it.  The new queue is identified by
	<num>, and the callback specified by <cb> will be called for each enqueued
	packet.  The <data> argument will be passed unchanged to the callback.  If
	a queue entry with id <num> already exists, this function will return failure
	and the existing entry is unchanged.

The nfq_callback type is defined in "libnetfilter_queue/libnetfilter_queue.h" as:

	typedef int  nfq_callback(struct nfq_q_handle *qh, struct nfgenmsg *nfmsg,
		       struct nfq_data *nfad, void *data);

	Parameters:

		qh			The queue handle returned by nfq_create_queue
		nfmsg		???
		nfq_data	Netlink packet data handle (required as parameter of many
					of the informational functions)
		data		??? The value passed to the data parameter of nfq_create_queue

	The callback should return ???


	/* General form of address family dependent message.
	 * Defined in "libnfnetlink/linux_libnfnetlink.h"
	 */
	struct nfgenmsg {
		u_int8_t  nfgen_family;		/* AF_xxx */
		u_int8_t  version;			/* nfnetlink version */
		u_int16_t res_id;			/* resource id */
	} __attribute__ ((packed));


??? How many queues can exist?
	- Could be unlimited.  Library implements as linked list.

??? Can multiple apps bind to the same queue?
	- looks like it's per app on lib side
	- ...need to check out kernel side implementation...

??? Can separate queues be processed separately by separate apps?

??? Investigate kernel code NFQNL_CFG_CMD_BIND ???

-------------------
nfq_destroy_queue()
-------------------

Prototype:
	int nfq_destroy_queue(struct nfq_q_handle *qh)

Parameters:
	qh		Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().

Returns:
	0 on success, non-zero on failure.  (See NFQNL_CFG_CMD_UNBIND return value)

Description:
	Removes the binding for the specified queue handle.  (The queue handles are
	maintained in the libnetfilter_queue library as a linked list.  The <qh>
	is actually just a pointer to an entry in that list.  When unbinding,
	a NFQNL_CFG_CMD_UNBIND message is sent to netlink, and if successful, the
	handle entry is removed from the linked list)

??? Investigate kernel code NFQNL_CFG_CMD_UNBIND ???

-------------------
nfq_handle_packet()
-------------------

Prototype:
	int nfq_handle_packet(struct nfq_handle *h, char *buf, int len)

Parameters:
	h		Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()
	buf		Buffer containing packet data to process
	len		Length of packet data in buffer

Returns:
	Returns 0 on success, non-zero on failure. (See nfnl_handle_packet() return value)

Description:
	Triggers an associated callback for the given packet received from the
	queue.  Packets can be read from the queue using nfq_fd() and recv().  See
	example code for nfq_fd().

--------------
nfq_set_mode()
--------------

Prototype:
	int nfq_set_mode(struct nfq_q_handle *qh, u_int8_t mode, u_int32_t range)

Parameters:
	qh		Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
	mode	???
				NFQNL_COPY_NONE		??? Do not copy any data
				NFQNL_COPY_META		??? Copy only packet metadata
				NFQNL_COPY_PACKET	??? Copy entire packet
	range	???

Returns:
	0 on success, non-zero on failure. (see nfnl_talk() return value)

Description:
	Sets the amount of data to be copied to userspace for each packet queued
	to the given queue.
???

-----------------
nfq_set_verdict()
-----------------

Prototype:
	int nfq_set_verdict(struct nfq_q_handle *qh, u_int32_t id, u_int32_t verdict, u_int32_t data_len, unsigned char *buf)

Parameters:
	qh			Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
	id			ID assigned to packet by netfilter.  Can be obtained by: 
					int id;
					struct nfqnl_msg_packet_hdr *ph = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(tb);
					if (ph) id = ntohl(ph->packet_id);
	verdict		Verdict to return to netfilter
					NF_ACCEPT	- Accept the packet
					NF_DROP		- Drop the packet
					???			- anything else possible? (ie. continue?,
									jump? goto? log?)
	data_len	??? Number of bytes of data pointed to by <buf>
	buf			??? Pointer to data buffer...

Returns:
	0 on success, non-zero on failure.  (See nfnl_sendiov() return value)

Description:
	Notifies netfilter of the userspace verdict for the given packet.  Every
	queued packet _must_ have a verdict specified by userspace, either by
	calling this function, or by calling the nfq_set_verdict_mark() function.

----------------------
nfq_set_verdict_mark()
----------------------

Prototype:
	int nfq_set_verdict_mark(struct nfq_q_handle *qh, u_int32_t id, u_int32_t verdict, u_int32_t mark,
								u_int32_t data_len, unsigned char *buf)

Parameters:
	qh			Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
	id			ID assigned to packet by netfilter.  Can be obtained by: 
					ph = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(tb);
					if (ph) id = ntohl(ph->packet_id);
	verdict		Verdict to return to netfilter
					NF_ACCEPT	- Accept the packet
					NF_DROP		- Drop the packet
					???			- anything else possible? (ie. continue?,
									jump? goto? log?)
	mark		Netfilter mark value to mark packet with
	data_len	??? Number of bytes of data pointed to by <buf>
	buf			??? Pointer to data buffer...

Returns:
	0 on success, non-zero on failure.  (See nfnl_sendiov() return value)

Description:
	Notifies netfilter of the userspace verdict for the given packet, and also
	marks the packet with the given netfilter mark value.  Every queued packet
	_must_ have a verdict specified by userspace, either by calling this
	function, or by calling the nfq_set_verdict() function.

------------------------
nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr()
------------------------

Prototype:
	struct nfqnl_msg_packet_hdr *nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(struct nfq_data *nfad)

Parameters:
	nfad	Netlink packet data handle passed to callback function

Returns:
	Returns the netlink packet header for the given packet data.

Description:
	Returns the netfilter queue netlink packet header for the given
	nfq_data argument.  Typically, the nfq_data value is passed as the 3rd
	parameter to the callback function set by a call to nfq_create_queue().

	The nfqnl_msg_packet_hdr structure is defined in "libnetfilter_queue/libnetfilter_queue.h" as:

		struct nfqnl_msg_packet_hdr {
			u_int32_t	packet_id;		/* unique ID of packet in queue */
			u_int16_t	hw_protocol;	/* hw protocol (network order) */
			u_int8_t	hook;			/* netfilter hook */
		} __attribute__ ((packed));

----------------
nfq_get_nfmark()
----------------

Prototype:
	uint32_t nfq_get_nfmark(struct nfq_data *nfad)

Parameters:
	nfad	Netlink packet data handle passed to callback function

Returns:
	The netfilter mark currently assigned to the packet.

Description:
	Returns the netfilter mark currently assigned to the given queued packet.

-------------------
nfq_get_timestamp()
-------------------

Prototype:
	int nfq_get_timestamp(struct nfq_data *nfad, struct timeval *tv)

Parameters:
	nfad	Netlink packet data handle passed to callback function
	tv		Structure to fill with timestamp info

Returns:
	0 on success, non-zero on failure.

Description:
	Retrieves the received timestamp when the given queued packet.

---------------
nfq_get_indev()
---------------

Prototype:
	u_int32_t nfq_get_indev(struct nfq_data *nfad)

Parameters:
	nfad	Netlink packet data handle passed to callback function

Returns:
	The index of the device the queued packet was received via.  If the
	returned index is 0, the packet was locally generated or the input
	interface is no longer known (ie. POSTROUTING?).

Description:
	Retrieves the interface that the queued packet was received through.

--------------------
nfq_get_physindev()
--------------------

Prototype:
	u_int32_t nfq_get_physindev(struct nfq_data *nfad)

Parameters:
	nfad	Netlink packet data handle passed to callback function

Returns:
	The index of the physical device the queued packet was received via.
	If the returned index is 0, the packet was locally generated or the
	physical input interface is no longer known (ie. POSTROUTING?).

Description:
	Retrieves the physical interface that the queued packet was received
	through.

----------------
nfq_get_outdev()
----------------

Prototype:
	u_int32_t nfq_get_outdev(struct nfq_data *nfad)

Parameters:
	nfad	Netlink packet data handle passed to callback function

Returns:
	The index of the device the queued packet will be sent out.  If the
	returned index is 0, the packet is destined for localhost or the output
	interface is not yet known (ie. PREROUTING?).

Description:
	Retrieves the interface that the queued packet will be routed out.

--------------------
nfq_get_physoutdev()
--------------------

Prototype:
	u_int32_t nfq_get_physoutdev(struct nfq_data *nfad)

Parameters:
	nfad	Netlink packet data handle passed to callback function

Returns:
	The index of the physical device the queued packet will be sent out.
	If the returned index is 0, the packet is destined for localhost or the
	physical output interface is not yet known (ie. PREROUTING?).

Description:
	Retrieves the physical interface that the queued packet will be routed out.

-------------------
nfq_get_packet_hw()
-------------------

Prototype:
	struct nfqnl_msg_packet_hw *nfq_get_packet_hw(struct nfq_data *nfad)

Parameters:
	nfad	Netlink packet data handle passed to callback function

Returns:
	The source hardware address associated with the queued packet, or NULL if
	unknown.

Description:
	Retrieves the hardware address associated with the given queued packet.
	For ethernet packets, the hardware address returned (if any) will be the
	MAC address of the packet source host.  The destination MAC address is not
	known until after POSTROUTING and a successful ARP request, so cannot
	currently be retrieved.

	The nfqnl_msg_packet_hw structure is defined in "libnetfilter_queue/libnetfilter_queue.h" as:

		struct nfqnl_msg_packet_hw {
			u_int16_t	hw_addrlen;
			u_int16_t	_pad;
			u_int8_t	hw_addr[8];
		} __attribute__ ((packed));

-----------------
nfq_get_payload()
-----------------

Prototype:
	int nfq_get_payload(struct nfq_data *nfad, char **data)

Parameters:
	nfad	Netlink packet data handle passed to callback function

Returns:
	The size of the data whose address is placed in <data> on success, -1 on
	failure.

Description:
	Retrieve the payload for a queued packet.  The actual amount and type of
	data retrieved by this function will depend on the mode set with the
	nfq_set_mode() function: 
		NFQNL_COPY_NONE		No data will be returned
		NFQNL_COPY_META     Only packet headers will be returned
		NFQNL_COPY_PACKET	Entire packet will be returned

/*
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